利用葉綠素儀非破壞性測量確定不同甜櫻桃園的覆蓋下光有效性

瀏覽次數(shù)：1932　發(fā)布日期：2022-5-7　來源：本站　僅供參考，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載，否則責(zé)任自負(fù)

熱點
甜櫻桃樹為紡錘形或樹籬。
在覆蓋物下以不同的間隔種植，用于早熟作物或開闊地。
每公頃產(chǎn)量最大的灌木籬笆樹。
樹籬覆蓋下用Dualex測量的FLAV指數(shù)小幅下降™.
樹籬覆蓋下截獲光的小幅度減少。

摘要
氣候條件的變化使得有必要制定櫻桃栽培保護(hù)策略。本研究的目的是使用Dualex研究不同覆蓋種植系統(tǒng)中與光可用性相關(guān)的生理過程™ 用于非破壞性測量。因此，櫻桃樹要么被訓(xùn)練成樹籬，即最密集的種植（[2.35米*2]*1.5米），要么被訓(xùn)練成紡錘狀（2.70米*2.0米；1.75米*2.9米），在德國波恩附近的克萊恩·阿爾滕多夫種植，或在開闊的田野中種植。不同植株的葉面積沒有差異。使用Dualex進(jìn)行無創(chuàng)測量™ 表明，由于光照不足，作物覆蓋下的綠籬樹的相對葉片葉綠素含量（Chl=30-33）高于葉綠素含量較低（ChI=26-28）的開闊地生長的葉片。同樣，類黃酮指數(shù)（Flav）作為表皮類黃酮和光照條件的相對測量值，在作物覆蓋下通常較低，在近軸葉側(cè)的綠籬樹中最低，與開闊地中的1.6-1.8相比，F(xiàn)lav=1.4-1.5，但始終保持這些值高于1-1.2的臨界光照水平。非侵入性測量顯示，覆蓋下的茂密樹籬樹冠層內(nèi)的光照減少高達(dá)80%，符合Flav和ChI的最低值。雖然在最佳光照條件（1.75 m*2.9 m）的種植系統(tǒng)中，每棵樹的產(chǎn)量最高，但在最密集的種植（2.7 m*2.0 m）中，每英畝的產(chǎn)量最高，有樹籬覆蓋，這是高產(chǎn)和水果品質(zhì)與良好光照可用性的理想結(jié)合�？傮w而言，我們的結(jié)果表明，光有效性取決于樹冠結(jié)構(gòu)、種植系統(tǒng)和樹木密度。Flav和ChI指數(shù)為評估果園的光照條件提供了可能性，并為優(yōu)化種植系統(tǒng)提供了參考。

關(guān)鍵詞：甜櫻桃（Prunus avium L.）、非生物脅迫、葉綠素?zé)晒�、氣候變化、光限制、設(shè)施栽培

Identification of light availability in different sweet cherry orchards under cover by using non-destructive measurements with a Dualex™

Highlights
Sweet cherry trees trained as spindle or hedgerow on dwarfing rootstock.
Planted at different spacing under cover for early crop or open field.
Hedgerow trees under cover with largest yield per ha.
Hedgerow under cover small reduction in FLAV index measured with a Dualex™.
Hedgerow under cover small reduction in intercepted light (Sunscan).

Abstract
Changing climatic conditions makes the development of cultivation strategies for protected cherry cultivation necessary. The objective of the present study was to investigate physiological processes in connection with light availability in different planting systems under cover using a Dualex™ for non-destructive measurements. Hence, cherry trees were either trained as hedgerows, i.e. the most dense planting ([2.35 m*2]*1.5 m), or trained as spindles (2.70 m*2.0 m; 1.75 m*2.9 m) and grown under cover or in the open field at Klein-Altendorf near Bonn, Germany. There was no difference in leaf area between the plantings. Non-invasive measurements with the Dualex™ (Force A, France) showed that a larger relative leaf chlorophyll content (Chl = 30–33) in the hedgerow trees under crop cover as a result of less light than in the open field-grown leaves with less chlorophyll (ChI = 26–28). Similarly, the flavonoid index (Flav), as a relative measure of the epidermal flavonoids and light condition, was generally lower under crop cover and lowest in the hedgerow trees on the adaxial leaf side with Flav = 1.4–1.5 relative to 1.6–1.8 in the open field, but always maintained these high values above the critical light level of 1–1.2. Non-invasive SunScan measurements showed light reductions of up to 80% inside the canopy of the dense hedgerow trees under cover in line with the lowest values for Flav and ChI. Although the largest yield per tree was obtained in the planting system with the best light conditions (1.75 m*2.9 m), the largest yield per acreage was found in the most dense planting (2.7 m*2.0 m) with hedgerows under cover as an ideal combination of a high yield and fruit quality with good light availability. Overall, our results showed that light availability depends on crown structure, planting system and tree density. The indices Flav and ChI offer the possibility to evaluate the light conditions in an orchard easily and to give a recommendation for an optimized growing system.
Keywords：Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.),Abiotic stress,Chlorophyll fluorescence,Climate change,Light limitation,Protected cultivation

Dualex是一款源自于法國國家科學(xué)院 (CNRS)及巴黎第十一大學(xué)技術(shù)，由奧地利PESSL公司生產(chǎn)（原法國Force-A公司）開發(fā)的新型多功能葉片測量儀。它可同時準(zhǔn)確測量葉片的葉綠素含量、葉片表層的類黃酮和花青素含量，適用于植物生理學(xué)和農(nóng)學(xué)（如水稻葉綠素濃度，玉米氮素狀況，葡萄藤等）相關(guān)研究。其測量對象可以是單子葉植物，雙子葉植物或多年生植物。這款設(shè)備簡單易用，可進(jìn)a行實時和非破壞性測量。由于不需要校準(zhǔn)標(biāo)定和事先的樣品制備，測量工作可在實驗室或現(xiàn)場完成。此外，該設(shè)備在各種溫度的和環(huán)境光照條件下均可正常使用。系統(tǒng)采用專利設(shè)計，光學(xué)傳感器可進(jìn)行簡單、快速、無損測量葉片中的葉綠素、多酚以及花青素。

Dualex便攜式智能氣象-葉綠素-花青素-黃酮醇測量儀

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